未成年人保护:附录A |亚什兰-葡京平台线上

与未成年人一起工作或接近未成年人的培训要求

Ashland University faculty, staff, 参与学校或附属项目或涉及未成年人的活动的学生和志愿者需要满足本文列出的特定培训和认证要求. University employees and employees, 志愿者和非大学组织的代表以及在校园开展涉及未成年人的项目或活动的实体必须满足同样的要求.

校办及附属项目和活动

所有在大学运营或附属项目和活动中与未成年人一起工作的个人都必须阅读本附录A中的培训材料并签署所包含的认证. 项目或活动的主管或主管负责收集成年参与者的证书. 在任何涉及未成年人的节目或活动开始日期之前，必须将签名的证明文件提交给导演或主管.

非大学项目和校园活动

Employees, 在校园开展涉及未成年人的项目和活动的志愿者和非学校组织或实体的代表必须阅读本附录A中的培训材料并签署所包含的认证. 非大学组织或实体必须在任何涉及未成年人的校园项目或活动开始之前，向赞助或授权该项目或活动的大学部门或单位提交合规证明.

Training Materials

Working with Minors:
Information for Those Participating in University-Run or -Affiliated Programs or Activities Involving Minors

葡京平台线上社区在促进安全和防止儿童受害方面有着浓厚的兴趣. 为了进一步实现这一目标，葡京平台线上制作了这些培训材料. This packet contains important information that individuals must review if they are participating in programs or activities involving minors that 1) the university operates; or 2) that others operate in university facilities.

You are receiving this information because you have been identified as a participant in one such program or activity. 您必须审阅本包中的信息，并返回所附的证明，表明您已阅读并同意遵守其中所述的要求. You must also (using the methods described in this packet) determine whether you are a mandated reporter and, if so, agree to comply with the obligations imposed on mandated reporters by state and federal law and by the university. 根据所涉及的项目或活动以及您在该项目或活动中的角色，您可能还需要查阅其他材料.

This packet contains the following:

与未成年人合作的指导方针，将帮助你保持安全和积极的互动，并减少错误指控的风险.
虐待和忽视未成年人的警示标志.
Steps to take if you suspect that a minor has been abused or neglected or is otherwise unsafe, 包括如何报告你的怀疑或提出问题的信息.
您必须签署的证明，以确认您已阅读并理解所提供的信息，并将遵守本包中所述的您的义务.

Guidelines for Working with Minors

参加涉及未成年人的节目或活动的人应遵守以下“注意事项”和“注意事项”，以便为青少年参与者提供安全和积极的体验. 请注意，这些指导方针并不意味着要禁止医疗, psychiatric or other professional interactions with minors where professional standards apply.

Maintain the highest behavioral standards at all times when interacting with minors.
Have another adult present when you are working with minors in an unsupervised setting. 如果你被要求与未成年人进行一对一的交流, 在一个容易被观察到的公共环境中.
Treat all minors in a group consistently, fairly and with respect and dignity.
Listen to and interact with minors and provide appropriate praise and positive reinforcement.
Be friendly with minors within the context of the program or activity while maintaining appropriate boundaries.
If you are required to communicate with minors through social networking media, 与项目中所有未成年人平等、一致地沟通，仅满足项目的最低要求.
Maintain discipline and discourage inappropriate behavior by minors through the use of non-violent methods. 如果你需要帮助处理行为不端的青少年，请咨询你的主管.
Be aware of how your actions and intentions might be perceived and (mis)interpreted.
Consult with other adult supervisors or colleagues when you feel uncertain about a situation.

Don’t use inappropriate language, tell risqué jokes or make sexually suggestive comments around minors (even if minors themselves are doing so).
Don’t engage in inappropriate touching or have any physical contact with minors in private locations.
不要长时间单独和一个未成年人在一起.
Don’t conduct private interactions with minors in enclosed spaces or behind closed doors.
Don’t give personal gifts to minors or perform special favors or acts that indicate favoritism of one minor over others.
不要与未成年人分享你的私生活.
Don’t have informal or social contact with minors outside of program activities.
Don't email, 除非有重要的教育或计划原因，否则不要通过社交网络媒体与未成年人发短信或互动.
Don't strike, hit or use corporeal or physical punishment (or other methods causing discomfort) against minors.
不要把未成年人当同龄人看待, 与未成年人进行私人通信或扮演未成年人的“知己”角色(在专业咨询关系之外).
不要和未成年人约会、谈恋爱或发生性关系. 不得向未成年人展示色情内容，不得让未成年人参与色情活动.
不要向未成年人提供酒精或毒品. 不要在未成年人面前使用酒精或毒品.

虐待和忽视未成年人的迹象

每个州负责提供自己的定义 maltreatment (一个对儿童虐待和忽视的包罗一切的术语)按照联邦儿童虐待预防和治疗法案(CAPTA)制定的标准来指导. 大多数州承认四种类型的虐待: physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse and neglect. Some states include abandonment and/or substance abuse in their definition as well.

有关各州有关虐待和忽视儿童的法律，请参阅 State Statues 搜寻儿童福利资讯网. This website also provides civil definitions of the terms of maltreatment that determine the grounds for intervention by child protective agencies.

Types of Abuse and Neglect

父母对孩子身体造成的非意外伤害, guardian, 对孩子的安全负责的照顾者或个人.

拳打脚踢可能造成伤害, beating, kicking, biting, shaking, throwing, stabbing, choking, burning, hitting (with a hand, stick, 安全带或其他物体)或其他伤害方法. 受伤范围从轻微擦伤到严重骨折，甚至死亡. 不管照顾者的意图如何，这种行为都被认为是虐待. 只要是合理的并且不会对孩子造成身体伤害，体罚(如打屁股或打耳光)就不被视为虐待.

The failure of a parent, guardian, 照顾者或个人负责提供儿童的基本需要或作出合理的努力，以防止对未成年人的伤害或虐待.

忽视是一个广义的术语，包括许多虐待行为. 构成疏忽的情况可能包括:

Physical neglect: 没有为孩子提供食物、住所或适当的监督.
Medical neglect: 未向儿童提供必要的医疗或心理健康治疗.
Educational neglect: 没有教育或没有照顾到孩子的特殊教育需要.
Emotional neglect: Failure to provide psychological care or attention to a child's emotional needs; permitting a child to use alcohol or other drugs.

Sometimes cultural values, standards of care and poverty contribute to neglect. 在这种情况下，家庭可能只是需要信息或援助. 只有当一个家庭没有利用提供给他们的信息和资源，儿童的健康和/或安全受到威胁时，才可能需要儿童福利支助.

使儿童接触毒品、酒精或其他非法物质的行为.

Substance abuse is a broad term and is included in the legal definition of “child abuse” in many states. 在不同的州构成药物滥用的情况包括:

向儿童出售、分发和/或给予非法毒品或酒精的.
在儿童在场的情况下制造冰毒.
Prenatal exposure of a child to illegal drugs or alcohol due to usage by the mother.
Use of a controlled substance by a caregiver that impairs the caregiver's ability to adequately care for a child.

有关此问题的详细信息，请参见 父母使用药物对儿童的虐待 儿童福利资讯网.

孩子缺乏父母的陪伴或支持的情况, guardian or caregiver entirely.

Abandonment is a broad term that encompasses many acts of maltreatment but is considered a form of neglect in many states. 在以下情况下，儿童通常被视为被遗弃(这绝不是一个全面的清单):

孩子父母的身份和下落是未知的.
A child has been left alone in circumstances where the child may suffer or has suffered serious harm.
A child’s parent has failed to maintain contact or provide support to the child for a specific period of time.

识别虐待和忽视的迹象

除了努力防止孩子遭受虐待或忽视之外, it is important to recognize high-risk situations and the signs and symptoms of maltreatment. 如果你怀疑孩子受到了伤害, 举报你的怀疑可能会挽救他们的生命，并为他们的家人获得帮助. Reporting your concerns is not the same as making an accusation; rather, it is a request for an investigation and assessment to determine if help is needed.

Children experiencing abuse or neglect may exhibit the following traits and/or behaviors:

总是保持警惕，好像在为坏事的发生做准备.
表现出行为或学校表现的突然变化.
表现出不能归因于特定生理或心理原因的学习问题或注意力不集中.
始终缺乏成人监督.
Has not received help for physical or medical issues brought to their parents’ attention.

Some children may directly disclose that they have experienced abuse or neglect. 有关如何处理此披露的更多信息，请参阅 如何处理虐待儿童事件 by Childhelp. 本文件亦提供支援遭受虐待或忽视的儿童的贴士，以及“儿童援助”防止虐待儿童运动的资料.

If you know, 怀疑或收到未成年人被虐待或被忽视的信息(或担心未成年人的安全), 请致电419-207-5555通知葡京平台线上安全服务中心.

如果你目睹虐待儿童的过程，请立即拨打911. 之后请尽快与安全服务部门联系. They (with support from other departments and entities as needed) will help determine appropriate next steps.

After contacting Safety Services, contact your supervisor, 院长或副总裁，如果是安全的和适用的. 如果你是被授权的记者(见下文), you are required by state law to contact the Child and Family Services Agency (CFSA) and/or local law enforcement.

If you have questions about your obligations or what to do in a situation that makes you uncomfortable, 请致电419-289-5034与人力资源和法律事务主任联系.

州法律要求一些个人(如教师或医生)在特定情况下报告虐待儿童的情况. Several states require all adults to report suspicions of child abuse or neglect. 需要作出此类报告的个人被称为 mandated reporters. The publication 虐待和忽视儿童的强制性报告 儿童福利资讯网 discusses the laws that designate mandated reporters.

As written in Ohio law (see Revised Code 2151.421), individuals who work in specific occupations and professions are deemed mandated reporters. 如果你是一名被授权的记者，并且在你的专业或官方身份中意识到或怀疑一名儿童是虐待或忽视的受害者, 你必须向执法部门和/或CFSA报告. The Ohio child abuse hotline can be reached at 855-642-4453 and is available 24/7. 请注意，你不必是一个被授权的记者来遵循这个程序.

有关在何处以及如何提交虐待或忽视报告的信息, 联系当地的儿童保护服务机构或警察局.

You may contact the Childhelp National Child Abuse Hotline via phone or text at 800-422-4453 or visit childhelp.org to receive crisis intervention, information, resources and referrals to support services (assistance is available in 170 languages).

For information on what happens when suspected abuse or neglect is reported, see How the Child Welfare System Works 有关儿童福利资讯网.

与未成年人一起工作或接近未成年人的培训要求

校办及附属项目和活动

非大学项目和校园活动

Training Materials

Guidelines for Working with Minors

Do

Don't

虐待和忽视未成年人的迹象

Types of Abuse and Neglect

Physical Abuse

Sexual Abuse

Emotional / Psychological Abuse

Neglect

Substance Abuse

Abandonment

识别虐待和忽视的迹象

举报对未成年人的虐待、忽视或危险

Mandated Reporters

Other Resources